North America

Mandatory: None.

Recommended: Childhood vaccinations & adult boosters.

Suggested: Hepatitis A&B.

Not routinely recommended:

Rabies vaccination is only recommended for travellers in the USA involved in outdoor and other activities in remote areas that might bring them into direct contact with bats and other mammals (such as adventure travellers and cavers); and those with occupational risks (such as wildlife professionals and researchers).

Mandatory: None.

Recommended: Childhood vaccinations & adult boosters.

Suggested: Hepatitis A&B.

Not routinely recommended:

Rabies vaccination is only recommended for travellers in Canada involved in outdoor and other activities in remote areas that might bring them into direct contact with bats and other mammals (such as adventure travellers and cavers); and those with occupational risks (such as wildlife professionals and researchers).